Evaluation of Holstein cows with different tongue-rolling frequencies: stress immunity, rumen environment and general behavioural activity

Table 2 Differences on serum stress parameters among four group cows

Items	Experimental treatments¹				SEM²	P-value
Items	HT	MT	LT	CON	SEM²	P-value
Cortisol, ng/mL	16.116^a	13.988^ab	15.509^a	11.095^b	2.074	0.012
HSP 70, pg/mL	42.213	46.124	45.025	46.204	1.634	0.706
γ-hydroxybutyric acid, μmol/L	1.586^a	1.679^a	1.672^a	1.420^b	0.052	0.008
Epinephrine, ng/mL	3.704^ab	3.919^a	3.894^a	3.518^b	0.094	0.030
Norepinephrine, ng/mL	17.860	18.863	18.637	16.659	0.650	0.502
5-hydroxytryptamine, pg/mL	510.303	522.812	525.122	484.348	11.749	0.538
Dopamine, nmol/L	24.429^ab	25.990^a	25.206^ab	23.178^b	0.686	0.067

¹HT High frequency tongue rolling cows, MT Medium frequency tongue rolling cows, LT Low frequency tongue rolling cows, CON Control cows, no abnormal oral behaviour
²SEM Standard error of the mean
^a^–^cDifferent superscript within a row means significant different (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891