Rosemary extract improves egg quality by altering gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and oviductal gene expressions in late-phase laying hens

Table 3 Effects of rosemary extract on fatty acid profile (g/100 g) in egg yolk of laying hens¹

Item	CON	CTC	RE50	RE100	RE200	SEM	P-value
C12:0	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.000	0.47
C14:0	0.19	0.17	0.18	0.17	0.19	0.001	0.53
C14:1	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.004	0.22
C15:0	0.020^a	0.017^ab	0.012^c	0.013^bc	0.014^bc	0.001	< 0.01
C16:0	13.26	12.78	13.05	12.88	13.29	0.26	0.56
C16:1	1.79	1.64	1.64	1.65	1.56	0.12	0.72
C18:0	4.18^b	4.37^ab	4.50^ab	4.94^a	5.03^a	0.16	< 0.01
C18:1 n-9c	10.55^c	10.60^bc	11.10^abc	11.36^a	11.31^ab	0.21	0.02
C18:2 n-6c	7.96	6.99	6.97	7.00	7.71	0.32	0.09
C18:3 n-3	0.28	0.25	0.24	0.26	0.29	0.02	0.20
C20:2	0.12	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.005	0.07
C21:0	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.003	0.06
C20:3 n-6	0.10	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.007	0.53
C20:4 n-6	1.09	1.13	1.11	1.19	1.21	0.04	0.23
C22:6 n-3	0.55	0.62	0.62	0.64	0.70	0.04	0.11
SFA	17.68	17.37	17.77	18.04	18.56	0.37	0.24
MUFA	12.39	12.29	12.78	13.05	12.92	0.23	0.10
PUFA	10.10	9.17	9.16	9.30	10.12	0.36	0.14
n-6	9.16	8.20	8.18	8.29	9.00	0.34	0.13
n-3	0.83	0.87	0.86	0.90	1.00	0.04	0.09
n-6/n-3	11.14^a	9.46^ab	9.61^ab	9.37^ab	9.06^b	0.49	0.04
UFA/SFA	1.27	1.24	1.24	1.24	1.25	0.03	0.91

CON Control, CTC 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline, RE50 50 mg/kg rosemary extract, RE100 100 mg/kg rosemary extract, RE200 200 mg/kg rosemary extract
¹Values are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 6
^a–cResults without a common superscript means significant difference at P < 0.05

ISSN: 2049-1891