Fig. 4

TLR7/8 agonists inhibit goat sperm motility parameters. a, the percentages of swim-up sperm when sperm were cultured in extender with R848 for 60 min at 37 °C. The numbers of sperm in the upper layer and the number of total sperm were counted at 1 h. b, the percentages of swim-up sperm when sperm were cultured in extender with 1 μmol/L R848. Sperm were cultured in extender with 1 μmol/L R848 for a maximum of 120 min. The numbers of sperm in the upper layer and total sperm were counted at each time point. The percent of swim-up sperm was then calculated. c, Tracks of sperm incubated with 1 μM R848 for 30 min, determined using the CASA system. The white arrow indicated the sperm moving forward (progressive sperm). The yellow arrow indicated the sperm swinging in a circle (slow sperm). d, e, f and g, sperm were incubated with 1 μmol/L R848 for 30 min. Sperm motility, average path velocity (VAP), average straight line velocity (VSL), and average curve line velocity (VCL) were measured using CASA system, respectively. Bars represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5). *P < 0.05 compared with the control