Use of Asian selected agricultural byproducts to modulate rumen microbes and fermentation

Table 2 Effect of selected agricultural byproducts containing anacardic acid and other phenolics on rumen microbial abundance determined by quantitative PCR

Byproduct	Main compound involved	Tested by	Dosed at	Abundance of rumen microbe, relative % to total bacteria															Reference
Byproduct	Main compound involved	Tested by	Dosed at	Pro	Meth	Fu	Fs	Rf	Ra	Me	Sr	Sd	Tb	Sb	Pr	Pb	Rm	Al	Reference
Cashew shell	Anacardic acid	RUSITEC	0.2 mg/mL	↓^a	ns	-	↓	↓	ns	↑	↑	↑	↓	ns	↓	↓	ns	↑	[21]
		Feeding (dry cow)	0.32% of DMI	ns^a	ns	-	ns	↓	↓	-	↑	↑	↓	-	↑	-	-	↑	[22]
		Feeding (milking cow)	0.33% of DMI	-	ns	ns	↓	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	Shinkai et al. unpublished
		Feeding (sheep)	0.32% of DMI	↓^a	-	-	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	Suzuki et al. unpublished
Ginkgo fruit	Anacardic acid	Batch culture, culivar A	3.2 mg/mL	-	↑	-	ns	ns	ns	↑	↑	↑	↓	↑	ns	↑	ns	ns	Oh et al. unpublished
		Batch culture, cultivar B	4.5 mg/mL	-	↑	-	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	↓	ns	↑	ns	↑	ns	↓	ibid.
		RUSITEC, cultivar A	3.2 mg/mL	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↑	↑	↑	↓	ns	↑	↓	↑	↑	ibid.
Ginkgo leaf	Unspecified	Batch culture	1.0 mg/mL^b	↓	↑	-	↑	↓	↓	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	[30]

Pro protozoa, Meth methanogen, Fu fungi, Fs Fibrobacter succinogenes, Rf Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ra Ruminococcus albus, Me Megasphaera elsdenii, Sr Selenomonas ruminantium, Sd Succinovibrio dextrinosolvens, Tb Treponema bryantii, Sb Streptococcus bovis, Pr Prevotella ruminicola, Pb Prevotella bryantii, Rm Ruminobacter amylophilus, Al Anaerovibrio lipolytica
-, No data available
ns, Not significantly changed
↑, Significantly increased
↓, Significantly decreased
^aValue were obtained by direct counting
^bg of extract/mL (not calculable as original leaf)

ISSN: 2049-1891