Fig. 1

Effects of hesperidin and H₂O₂ on the cell viability, MDA levels and apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). A Cell viability of bMECs. bMECs were treated with H₂O₂ (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000 μmol/L) for 8 h. B Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in bMECs. bMECs were treated with H₂O₂ (0, 600, 800 μmol/L) for 8 h and 1,000 μmol/L for 12 h. C The presence of apoptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry. Representative images and quantification of the early apoptosis, late apoptosis and total apoptotic rate of bMECs treated with H₂O₂ (1,000 μmol/L) for 8 h. D Cell viability of bMECs. bMECs were treated with hesperidin (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 μg/mL) for 24 h. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, and ^***P < 0.001