Effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization, the portal amino acid profile, and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in piglets

Table 2 Ingredients and nutrient composition of experimental diets (as-fed basis)

Items	A (corn)	B (corn/barley)	C (corn/sorghum)	D (corn/cassava)
Ingredient, %
Corn	63.76	52.90	51.31	51.39
Barley	-	10.91	-	-
Sorghum	-	-	11.90	-
Cassava	-	-	-	10.82
Soybean meal	18.80	19.80	19.62	20.93
Whey	4.60	3.80	4.52	3.50
Fish meal	5.50	5.20	5.00	6.20
Soybean oil	4.40	4.50	4.65	4.50
L-Lysine-HCl (78%)	0.28	0.25	0.29	0.20
DL-Methionine (99%)	0.13	0.11	0.13	0.12
L-Threonine	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.03
Tryptophan (100%)	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02
Dicalcium phosphate	0.35	0.36	0.40	0.24
Limestone	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.75
Salt	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Vitamin and mineral premix^a	1	1	1	1
Calculated composition
Net energy, MJ/kg^b	10.94	10.89	10.92	10.87
Crude protein, %	17.30	17.82	17.45	17.98
Ash, %	5.38	5.43	5.36	5.43
Neutral detergent fiber, %	7.32	8.33	7.16	7.86
Acid detergent fiber, %	2.73	3.16	2.65	2.87
Calcium, %	0.68	0.67	0.67	0.66
Phosphorus, %	0.52	0.52	0.51	0.51
Standardized ileal digestible amino acids, %^c
Lysine	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.14
Methionine + Cysteine	0.62	0.62	0.62	0.62
Threonine	0.40	0.39	0.40	0.40
Tryptophan	0.61	0.61	0.61	0.61
Analyzed composition
Dry matter, %^d	87.69	87.77	88.09	87.76
GE, MJ/kg^d	17.18	17.15	17.16	17.17
Total starch, %	44.53	44.26	44.77	44.48
Amylose/amylopectin	0.44	0.38	0.23	0.41

^aPremix provided the following per kg of complete diet for piglets: 28,500 IU vitamin A, 6,000 IU vitamin D₃, 67.5 IU vitamin E, 7.5 mg vitamin K₃, 7.5 mg vitamin B₁, 15 mg vitamin B₂, 9 mg vitamin B₆, 0.075 mg vitamin B₁₂, 70 mg niacin, 3 mg folacin, 37.5 mg pantothenic calcium, 105 mg choline, 0.375 mg biotin, 0.15 mg antioxidants, 1 mg Co, 145 mg Cu, 155 mg Fe, 75 mg Mn, 125 mg Zn, 0.3 mg I, 0.3 mg Se
^b,cValues were estimated based on a database of NRC [17]
^dAnalytical results were obtained according to AOAC [19]

ISSN: 2049-1891